This contribution will allow the texts to speak: firstly, the pedological texts and secondly recent work on the teaching of children from three to seven years of age. The concept of perezhivanie, presented in “The problem of the environ- ment in pedology” (Vygotskij, 1931-1934/2018) as an indivisible unit represent- ing on one side the milieu and on the other the unique way in which it is experienced, will permit us to elucidate the role of free play in school. This same concept will help us to initiate some reflection upon perspective taking in students, both in preschool teaching and in research sites.